Copyright Infringement

Copyright Learning Team Weekly Reflection LAW/421 Learning Team D Weekly Reflection Week three focused on copyright infringement, and the legal issues in cyberspace associated with copyright laws. Copyright infringement can be classified into three theories; direct, indirect, and vicarious. Direct is the most obvious form because the copyright owner can prove legal ownership of the work in question and that the infringer copied the work without permission. A facilitator in indirect theory of copyright infringement is liable for damages.The copyright owner must identify the direct infringer, and the facilitator must have knowledge of the infringement. The copyright infringement case against Napster was a landmark case that forced Napster, once a free subscription service, to re-emerge as a paid subscription service. This case changed the way music was bought. Contributory infringement was used against Napster to force them to shut down and change their business model. Understanding th e defense to infringement claims, specifically fair use can be complex. Fair use is the most common defense of copyright infringement.Under the fair use defense, some infringement is permitted if the device can be used in a significant non-infringing way, such as a VCR. With the digital age and the growth of the Internet applying the copyright law has become more difficult for the courts. Photography, music, and software are the biggest areas affected by copyright infringement and issues dealing with cyberspace. Formats such as MP3 have made it easier for infringers’ to record audio and data files much faster than before, which can make it harder to catch the infringer or facilitators.Software has also become increasingly popular for unauthorized duplication. iTunes has stepped up to adhere to the laws protecting copyright by implementing safeguards to prevent illegal downloads. Digital photography and social networking have opened up new dimensions of copyright infringement issues for photographers. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act has made strides in protecting copyright holders in the digital age by holding third parties responsible and going after parties that illegally download copyrighted aterial. Given that technology is proceeding at a lightning pace, one can only imagine how the music and movie industries are grappling with keeping as much as the profits as possible from their creative works. Although challenging for lawmakers, the advancement of technology in recent years has led to the culmination of new laws and precedent in protection of intellectual property. The Computer Software Copyright Act of 1980 afforded protection to computer software programs.Since then, appellate courts have suggested patents instead of copyrights provide the most appropriate form of intellectual property protection. Copyright infringement and protection is an important issue for all businesses small and large. Most large businesses started out as small busin esses that had a good idea that changed everything. Many small businesses don’t own patents or copyrights, but as information becomes more and more valuable parts of businesses they are becoming more of a concern. The most valuable part of most companies is their intellectual property.The franchisor must give full disclosure and details that relate to any part of the franchise or company in question under certain terms and conditions. It’s also important to remember to check and see whether the franchiser has established another franchisee or any other promissory agreements. Patent and Trademark lawyers are familiar in these matters and should be consulted upon buying a company with valuable information or if your own company or if patents and copyrights get involved (Steingold, 2005).

Prevalence Of Stroke In India Health And Social Care Essay

In most of the developed states, cerebrovascular accident or shot is a common cause of decease and disablement. Stroke ranks 3rd as a cause of decease after bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease in U.S.A and U.K. The one-year economic disbursal due to cerebrovascular accident has been estimated to transcend 7 billion dollars in U.S.A. Prevalence rates reported for cerebrovascular accident universe broad vary between 500 to 800 per 1,00,000 population. ( Nolen,2008 ) Stroke is the 3rd prima cause of decease in the United States. It accounts for about 1,64,000 mortalities yearly. An estimated 5,50,000 people experience stroke each twelvemonth. Stroke is besides a chief cause of grownup disablement. In United States more than 4 million shot subsisters are populating with changing grade of disablement. Stroke is socio economically really important in older people. Harmonizing to WHO, shot was the 2nd commonest cause of world-wide mortality in 1990 and the 3rd commonest cause of mortality in more developed states ; it was besides the ground for about 4A ·4 million deceases worldwide. In 1999, the figure of deceases due to stroke ailing 5A ·54 million worldwide, and two-thirds of these occurred in less developed states. Stroke was found to be a major cause of long-run disablement and, has potentially tremendous emotional and socioeconomic effects for patients, their households, and wellness services. The case-fatality rate due to stroke varies from 11.7 % to 32.4 % . An estimated 15 million people worldwide survived minor shot each twelvemonth and about 4,800,000 in the USA, in which 50 % of instances each twelvemonth are in adult females. ( Health Statistics for US,2002 ) The incidence of shot in the U.S has declined, but there is no diminution in the badness. Harmonizing to background information it is a taking neurological cause of long term disablement. ( Davidson,2008 ) . Annually an estimated 50,000 individuals in Canada suffer from shot. There is 5.4 million persons who have a history of shot and up to 3,00,000 shot subsisters in Canada. Each twelvemonth about 16,000 dice from shot in Canada. ( Hock ‘s article, 2003 ) The prevalence of shot varies. Over the last 30 old ages at that place has been a definite addition in the prevalence and incidence of shot in India ( The Hindu, March 2008 ) The prevalence of shot in India scopes from 40 to 270 per 100 000 population. Approximately 12 % of all shots occur in the population of greater than 40 old ages of age. Major hazard factors are high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, baccy usage, and low haemoglobin degrees. In major infirmaries 2 per centum of infirmary enrollments, 1.5 per centum of medical enrollments and 9 to 30 per centum of neurological admittances histories for stroke.The National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health has pointed out that instances of shot would increase from 1,081,480 in 2000 to 1,667,372 in 2015. The ICMR survey on Burden of Disease ( 2005 ) has found that there has been an addition in the figure of shot instances in India during the last one and a half decennaries by 17.5 % . There was besides an addition in mortality rate by 7.8 % Dr. Ashok cites that statistically India may be seeing every bit many as 200 shots for every 100,000 cross subdivision of the population. Dr. RK Srivastava ( 2008 ) estimated that 3 million adult females and 2.5 million work forces worldwide dice from shot every twelvemonth, and in developed states it is the 3rd commonest cause of decease. In China it is the taking cause of long term disablement since about two-thirds of patients require rehabilitation. Almost 10 % of shot patients recovered wholly, 25 % showed minor damage, 40 % had moderate to severe damages that required particular attention. Dr. D Nagaraj ( 2007 ) discussed on the quickly increasing shot load due to altering population with increasing life anticipation. There is a broad fluctuation in the incidence ( 13-105/100,000 ) , prevalence ( 52-842/100,000 ) of shot across the state and in the past decennaries. Case human death ranges from 11.7 % -32 % .The ischaemic shots account for 70 % to 80 % . The surveies nevertheless, have reported a higher per centum of haemorrhagic shots. The individual most of import hazard factor is found to be high blood pressure.The prevalence of smoking baccy varies from 28 % to 50 % in different surveies and of intoxicant usage ranged from 1.5 % to 47 % . Hypercoagulopathies accounted for 6 % of shot, hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded to be high in 40 % of storke clients. 57 % of diability have been recorded in most surveies. Shymal K. Das and Tapas K. Banerjee ( 2003 ) conducted a population based survey on shot in Kolkata to happen out the prevalence, incidence and instance human death hazards. The findings shows that, the prevalence and incidence rates of shot in this survey are similar to or higher than many surveies conducted in western states. The entire instance human death rates in India is among the highest class of shot human death in the universe. In 2006,105 instances were detected in 6 months in Tamil Nadu, among which 36 % were of age less than 40yrs,39 % were of 40-60yrs of age. The survey shows that 26 % of clients had a old history of shot. 8 out of 11 screened for homocysteinemia. Epidemiologic surveies on shot published on equal reviewed diaries during the past 10 old ages were identified utilizing MEDLINE and pubmed hunts and were reviewed utilizing the construction of WHO ‘s shot compound Infobase. Harmonizing to WHO, the figure of stroke events is proposed to increase from 1.1 million per twelvemonth in 2000 to more than 1.5 million per twelvemonth in 2025. ( World Health Organisation 2007 ) In 2005, estimations indicated that 58 million people died, in which chronic diseases accounted for 35 million deceases ( 60 % ) . Cardiovascular diseases, chiefly bosom disease and shot caused 17A ·5 million deceases Stroke is the 2nd prima individual cause of decease, with 5A ·8 million fatal instances per twelvemonth, 40 % of which are in people of age less than 70 old ages. About 15 million new instances occur every twelvemonth, and about 55 million people have experienced shot in the yesteryear, either with or without residuary disability.By 2025, four out of five shot events will happen in people populating in these parts. ( International Stroke Surveillance, 2005 ) Around half of shot subsisters suffer with important disablement. Physiotherapy will help in recovering every bit much motion and map as possible. Neurological shot physical therapy helps to better balance and walking, increases ability to execute simple to complex undertakings, cut down cramp, hurting and stiffness. It besides helps to increase strength, to retain normal forms of motion, additions affected appendages map and increases energy degree. ( Samuel.J et.al,2008 ) The research workers besides observed that most of the patients were dependent in run intoing the ego attention activities. Nurses are frequently in the forepart of stroke instruction. Health instruction is a critical measure in accomplishing conformity. Patients understanding may find the ultimate success of the rehabilitation and better the ability.Since shot with unilateral paralysis is a major job, the ego attention abilities of a patient should be identified and should be taught to be independent in run intoing their ain demands. The research worker from her short period of clinical experience has observed that most of the shot patients have unequal cognition sing causes, direction and bar. Therefore people should be encouraged to cognize about these facets. Sing the big figure of patients admitted in the infirmary, the research worker is of the sentiment that the wellness instruction booklet needs to be prepared which will assist the patients to acquire cognition on cause, direction, bar and to better their ego attention ability. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM â€Å" A survey to measure the cognition and to place the ego attention abilities of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu † . OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To measure the cognition of patients sing shot. To place the ego attention abilities of shot patients. To happen out the relationship between cognition and self attention abilities of shot patients. To find the association of cognition and self attention abilities with selected socio demographic variables of shot patients. To fix a wellness instruction booklet on shot. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Appraisal It refers to statistical measuring of cognition of patients about shot KNOWLEDGE It refers to patients awareness sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, diagnostic steps, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught. Stroke It refers to a neurologic alterations caused by an break in the blood supply to a portion of the encephalon. Hemiplegia It refers to neurological shortage in which there is functional disablement of one side of the organic structure. Designation It refers to a action or procedure of finding the ego attention abilities of shot patients. SELF CARE ABILITIES It refers to those activities that the patient is able to execute independently. Patients It refers to clients admitted with shot and receiving intervention for more than 3 hebdomads. HEALTH EDUCATION PAMPHLET It refers to information in a written signifier sing definition, causes, hazard factors, clinical manifestations, hospital direction and place attention direction of shot. Premise Patients will hold unequal cognition sing shot. Patients who had stroke face assorted self attention shortage in their recovery period. Restriction Study was limited to stroke patients with unilateral paralysis who are admitted for more than 3 hebdomads in one peculiar infirmary, so the findings can non be generalized. Patients who are in the age group of 35-65 old ages. Study was limited merely to 40 patients. Study was limited to those who are willing to take part in the survey. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A conceptual model is a set of constructs and propositions that spell out the relationship between them. The overall intent is to do scientific findings meaningful and generalisable. Concepts are the mental images of phenomena and are the edifice blocks of the survey. Polit and Hungler ( 1999 ) states that the conceptual model is an interconnected construct of abstractions that are assembled together in some strategy by their relevancy to a common thing. This is a device that helps to excite research and the extension of cognition by supplying both way and drift. The present survey is aimed at measuring the ego attention ability and cognition of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode. The conceptual model selected for the survey is based on Orem ‘s self attention shortage theory ( 1985 ) . Orem defined self attention as learned, end oriented activity directed toward the ego in the involvement of keeping life, wellness development and good being. Major CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Orem labels her ego attention theory of nursing as a general theory composed of three related constructs. THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE Describes and explains self attention. What the client should execute to keep hygiene. In this survey it is the ego attention activities performed by the client like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, ambulation, lavatory usage and placement. THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE DEFICIT Describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing.In this survey it is the province in which the client is non able to execute the ego attention activities ( bathing, dressing, eating, ambulation, intestine and bladder control ) or the dependence degree that require aid in run intoing the ends. THE CONCEPT OF Nursing SYSTEM It is a uninterrupted series or actions that are directed to run into individual ‘s curative ego attention demand. There are three types of nursing system: WHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM If the client is unable to execute actions, the system is entirely compensatory that is the nurse performs all actions. In this survey, it refers to the to the full dependent shot clients or those requires assistance to execute their activities of day-to-day life like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, vesica and intestine control, ambulation and placement. PARTIALLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM If the nurse and patient portion the duty, the system is partly compensatory. In this survey, it refers to the partly independent and partly dependent shot clients those who requires moderate aid by the important others or nurse in executing the activities of day-to-day life like feeding, bathing, ambulation, placement. SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEM When a patient provides all self care necessitating motions and lone instruction is required as a grid to activity so it is supportive educative system. In this survey, it refers to the to the full independent shot clients, those who are able to make the ego attention activities and requires wellness instruction sing bar of accidents, safe bed to chair and chair to bed transportation techniques, importance of early rehabilitation to better the societal activities and steps to forestall the secondary shot onslaught. SELF CARE AGENCY It is the person ‘s ability to execute self care activities. It consists of two agencies.s SELF CARE AGENT: The individual who provides the ego attention. In this survey, the ego attention agent is client ‘s with shot. DEPENDENT CARE AGENT: The individual other than the person who provides attention. In this survey, the dependant attention agent is the research worker, who assesses the cognition sing significance, hazard factors, causes, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught. THERAPEUTIC SELF CARE DEMAND: Curative ego attention demand is the summing up of ego attention actions to be performed for some continuance of clip and in some location to run into self care necessities particularized for a individual.In this survey, it refers to the impart cognition sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught and do the patient to execute self attention sing personal lavatory, eating, lavatory usage, vesica and intestine control, ambulation. This chapter dealt with the debut, demand for the survey, statement of the job, aim of the survey, operational definitions, premises, restriction and conceptual model.

Eassy Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eassy Rewrite - Essay Example (Plutarch 28) This account is based on what was told to Plutarch’s own grandfather, which no doubt shaped Plutarch’s own view of Cleopatra. That Plutarch was not as impressed as Antony is obvious from his use of words like â€Å"squandered† and â€Å"incredible extravagance.† (Plutarch 28) Cleopatra’s fame, at least in the Western intellectual tradition, owes to a great extent her encounter with the Romans, and in particular Mark Antony amongst other leaders. This also means that the Roman perspective on Cleopatra and Egypt is shaped as much by these interactions, dealings and visits than other aspects of her rule and kingdom. This fame, however, was coloured by the Romans’ view of her as someone who led great men like Antony astray. She successfully captivated the attention of Antony as with Caesar earlier, but in Rome, for all her hospitality, she became â€Å"the victim of a vicious propaganda campaign† ( §1.3). At the heart of this unfortunate circumstance for Cleopatra was Octavian’s envy for and conflict with Antony. Thus, there are two opposing perspectives on Cleopatra. One is the affectionate perspective as indulged in by Antony, and the other is the negative picture portrayed by Octavian and much of the rest of Rome. In the end, the defeat of the former at the decisive battle of Actium allowed history to be largely swayed by viewing Egypt as an enemy of Rome, and Cleopatra as a seductress, enemy and loser. This negative characterisation of Cleopatra and Egypt were present in Octavian’s speech delivered before the battle. He gave the impression to his army that Egypt’s way of life was decadent, and that Antony had been â€Å"enslaved by [Cleopatra]†. (Cocceianus 54) Although Cleopatra’s effect Antony caused a deep impression and led him to develop close attachment, the wider and more lasting Roman view as promoted by Octavian and Plutarch, was one of

Supreme court ( political science) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supreme court ( political science) - Essay Example The founders, knowing that a sovereign judiciary system was vital to the success of a democratic nation, ensured that federal judges would be appointed for life terms. They can be removed from the bench only if impeached and convicted by Congress of ‘Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.’ The current configuration of eight justices and one chief justice was formed in 1869. Congress assigned drafting rules of federal procedure to the Supreme Court in 1934. Republican Presidents appointed seven of the nine current Supreme Court judges (Gill, 2005). The Supreme Court begins each term on the first Monday of October which lasts until late June. The Term is divided between alternating periods of sittings and recesses which alternate at approximately two-week intervals. Sittings are when the Justices hear cases and deliver opinions and during the intervening recesses, they consider matters brought before the Court and write legal opinions. During court proceedings, each side is allowed 30 minutes argument and as many as 24 cases may be heard during one sitting. There is no jury and no witnesses are presented because most of the cases entail the assessment of a lower court decision. The Court is provided the record of each case and papers which include the arguments of each party. During the recess phase, the Justices study the cases and write their opinions. The Justices must also assess more than 130 petitions every week to ascertain which cases are to be granted a court hearing. Public sessions are held from 10 a.m. until 3 p.m. Monday through Wednesday when the Court is in session (sitting). The Justices meet to discuss and vote on petitions for review and to discuss cases on Fridays during preceding argument weeks. Prior to hearing oral argument when the Court is in session, other business of the Court is performed. This includes, on Monday mornings, the

Operations Management at Amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Operations Management at Amazon - Essay Example The preceding discussion confirms the findings in the literature relating to the new and complex challenges facing e-commerce plays like Amazon, especially with regard to how its radically different strategy of optimizing operations efficiencies to execute a volume strategy in the online retail space needs new ways of managing operations. These new ways need to impute the opportunities provided by new technologies, but at the same time be mindful of the pitfalls of relying on old ways of thinking in order to solve problems that are unique to Amazon (Rao 2011; Karmakar and Apte 2007). One can see that aspects of process design, are intertwined with inventory management concerns. This is the case for inventory management considerations for digital content, for example, as those relate to the relative ease of handling virtual inventory on the one hand and the opposing difficulty and complexity of managing physical inventories. Here aspects of operations relate to optimizing warehouses a nd processes for managing inventories from the supplier to the warehouses, as well as those aspects of inventory management relating to the handling of physical goods at the fulfillment centers at Amazon (Rao 2014). A recommendation is to continue to use Amazon Prime as the benchmark for efficiency and success of the execution of the inventory management processes at Amazon, owing to the high bar it has set for orders fulfillment and the cost of fulfilling orders of physical goods (Graham 2013; Onetto 2014).

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Econ - Essay Example Such agreements become a hindrance to the free flow of goods causing global economic loss. In the current dynamic world, countries having wafer-thin comparative advantage suddenly lose the market to a rival who have entered into a PTA. The article 24 specifies that the external tariffs should not be raised when the PTA is functioning. This is precisely to prevent harm to nonmembers. During Mexican currency crisis of 1994, tariffs on 502 items were raised from 20 percent to as high as 35 percent but at the same time tariffs on US and Canada, under NAFTA continued unchanged. Even small tariffs are likely to create trade diversion when tariffs are nonexistent on members of PTA while they remain applicable on nonmembers. This trade diversion is against the very basic intent of Article 24. The basic purpose of GATT was to encourage multilateral trade through reduced trade barriers. It aims at imposing the same tariff on goods regardless of which country supplies them and that purpose is not only defeated but restricts global economy to

Southern Recreational Vehicle Company Case Study

Southern Recreational Vehicle Company - Case Study Example The reasons by O’Brian for relocation of the company are justifiable as the company has been experiencing loss for the last five years and the present and incentives offered by the state would significantly reduce not only its spiraling production cost but also reduce the burden of rising taxes, increased labor and utility cost etc. that are associated with industrialized states which have strong labor union format. A firm has legal and ethical responsibility towards its workforce when it decides to cease its operation. Though employment and labor laws across states may differ, the basic employment contract ensures that employees are given far warning and compensation by the firm when it decides to cease its operations and relocate. Moreover, ethical and moral considerations are key issues that look at the wider welfare of the employees who have served the company with commitment and worked hard for its success. Thus, the firm must ensure that employees are given fair compensation and provided with opportunities to serve in its new location

Relationship between the physical body and the technology Essay

Relationship between the physical body and the technology - Essay Example Relationship between the physical body and the technology â€Å"The nineteenth century demanded the functional specialization of man and his work; this specialization makes one individual incomparable to another †¦, however, this specialization makes each man the more directly dependent upon the supplementary activities of all others† (Simmel, 1903). Surveillance strategies were enacted to negotiate pay or to track wages. This dictated the impersonal ordering of the clock, engendering feelings of alienation as the individual perceived themselves different from, yet the same as, their co-workers, yet had no room to explore this difference. Explorations into this mechanized realm produced the phantasmagorical, characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions. Through this imagery of the Dada, Surrealism and Letterism movements, the Situationists Movement arose, providing â€Å"their critique of modern culture, their celebration of creativity, and their stress on the immediate transformation of everyday life† (Marshall, 2000). ‘Everyday’ life, they maintain, deadens the mind into numb acceptance, while exploration of the surreal awakens subjectivity. This led to the concept of psychogeography as part of the system of unitary urbanism or â€Å"the study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals† (Situationnise Internationale, 1958).

Make own topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Make own topic - Essay Example Recycling has been used by many modern environmentalists as a tool of waste management (Short, 2004, 21). However despite all the benefits that are associated with recycling I would wish to say that this is not the best idea to end the problem of garbage disposal. Understand the behavior of human beings we can not only rely on recycling as the measure to manage garbage disposal. People will keep consuming from time to time which has the implication the garbage disposal will continue to be there so long as what to be consumed is available (Short, 2004, 22). The reason as to why am saying this is because; recycling has lowered the cost of production in many manufacturing plants. This has on the other hand resulted to low cost of consumer products which are packed with non-degradable materials. The outcome of this is that, more and more garbage continues to be disposed instead of getting reduced (Rogers, 2002, 60). Every economy in the world is singing the music of sustainable development. I feel that having sustainable development will not only be achieved by recycling the waste materials. We need to use the already available raw materials in a manner that will ensure their existence without getting exhausted. Many business enterprises have taken the advantage of recycling as it is a cheap way of making consumer goods (Pellow, 2000, 230). The cheaper products which are made through recycling are lasting for short time before they lose their value. This has increased the rate of consumption since for an individual satisfy his needs or wants must use plenty of that product. This in turn has led to increased garbage disposal as the waste from recycled products is also increasing. As the garbage disposal increase most county councils are reluctant to transport these materials to the respective places for recycling. Therefore, for economies to achieve sustainable development, the stakeholders shou ld change their mind